Gregg Berman, Associate Director of the Office of Analytics and Research in the SEC’s Division of Trading and Markets joined SEC Chair White, and SEC Commissioners Aguilar, Gallagher, Piwowar, and Stein in discussing market structure issues. His remarks focused on two issues – market complexity and market speed. When looking at market structure issues, he emphasized the importance of focusing on participants on both sides of the markets. He concluded that, rather than complexity being driven solely by sell-side traders seeking to develop faster and newer technologies to outperform each other, the desires of participants on the buy side of the market also have contributed to the complexity of the markets. He encouraged investors and investment managers “to consider the impact that their desires have on market structure as much as market structure has on them.”